What role do mountains play regarding climate?

Mountains play a significant role in climate by acting as barriers to wind and moisture. This phenomenon is known as orographic lift, wherein moist air is forced to rise over mountain ranges. As the air ascends, it cools, leading to condensation and precipitation on one side of the mountain, often referred to as the windward side. Conversely, the leeward side experiences drier conditions, as the descending air loses moisture, which contributes to the creation of rain shadows. This process not only influences local climate patterns but also affects vegetation, ecosystems, and water resources in the surrounding areas. Thus, the ability of mountains to alter wind and moisture flow is crucial in shaping regional climates and weather patterns.