What landmark ruling was established in the Miranda vs. Arizona case?

The landmark ruling established in the Miranda vs. Arizona case centered on the fundamental principle that defendants must be informed of their rights prior to any custodial interrogation. This ruling is crucial because it ensures that individuals are aware of their legal rights, such as the right to remain silent and the right to an attorney. The decision aimed to protect against self-incrimination and to ensure that confessions were not obtained under coercive conditions without the suspect's knowledge of legal protections. This requirement, known as "Miranda rights," must be communicated clearly and effectively to suspects to uphold their rights within the justice system.

The other options do not represent the primary focus of the ruling: while it does emphasize the right to remain silent, it specifically mandates that defendants be informed of their rights as a necessary step prior to interrogation. The notion that defendants do not need an attorney or that Miranda rights are optional misconstrues the intended protective measures established by the ruling.