What does federalism allow regarding the distribution of powers?

Federalism is a system of governance where power is divided and shared between a central (national) government and various regional (state or local) governments. This structure provides a way to manage the diversity within a country by allowing different levels of government to operate simultaneously and coordinate on various matters, addressing both national interests and local needs.

The correct answer highlights that in a federal system, powers can be allocated in a manner where some authorities or responsibilities are both shared and delineated between the national and state governments. This shared governance structure allows for more localized decision-making on certain issues, while also enabling the national government to maintain authority on others, ensuring a balance that can adapt to the needs of different regions.

For example, in the United States, federalism enables the federal government to regulate interstate commerce, while states have the power to create laws concerning education, transportation, and local law enforcement. This cooperative framework not only fosters a unified national policy but also allows state governments to address the specific needs of their constituents more effectively.