In which case was judicial review established?

The establishment of judicial review is primarily attributed to the case of Marbury vs. Madison. This landmark Supreme Court decision, decided in 1803, set the precedent that the judiciary has the authority to review and invalidate laws that are found to be in conflict with the Constitution.

In this case, William Marbury had been appointed as a justice of the peace, but his commission was not delivered. When Marbury petitioned the Supreme Court for a writ of mandamus to compel the new Secretary of State, James Madison, to deliver his commission, the Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, ruled that while Marbury was entitled to his commission, the specific provision of the Judiciary Act of 1789 that gave the Supreme Court the power to issue such a writ was itself unconstitutional. This assertion empowered the Supreme Court to strike down laws and acts of Congress that contradicted the Constitution, effectively establishing the principle of judicial review.

Other cases listed, such as McCulloch vs. Maryland and Gibbons vs. Ogden, dealt with issues related to federal authority and commerce, respectively, but did not establish the principle of judicial review. Brown vs. Board of Education was significant for ruling that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional but came much