How do external forces like erosion affect the Earth?

External forces like erosion play a crucial role in shaping the Earth's landscape by causing significant changes to landforms. Erosion is the process through which soil, rock, and other surface materials are worn away and transported by natural elements such as wind, water, and ice. Over time, this process can lead to the formation of various geological features such as valleys, cliffs, and canyons.

Erosion does not merely have a marginal impact; rather, it actively alters the physical environment, often resulting in dramatic transformations over extended periods. For instance, rivers can carve deep valleys or canyons as they flow, and coastlines can change shape due to wave action eroding land.

In contrast, the other options do not adequately recognize the significant role that erosion plays in landscape modification. The marginal impact suggested in one option underestimates the profound effect erosion has on geological features. Another option incorrectly states that erosion only affects bodies of water, disregarding its broader implications for the entire land surface. Lastly, the option that claims erosion has no effect on settlement patterns overlooks the fact that changes in the landscape due to erosion can make certain areas more or less suitable for human habitation and agriculture. Therefore, the assertion that external forces like erosion cause significant changes to land